13.Calculation formula of lateral elastic modulus

13. Calculation formula of lateral elastic modulus		Symbol description and unit
(1-1) Lateral modulus	G=τ/γ　　　〔kgf/mm2〕 G=	τ：Shear stress　　〔kgf/mm2〕
		γ：Shear strain in the direction of shear stress
(1-2)Lateral modulus	G=P*L/(A*λs)　〔kgf/mm2〕 G=	P： Shear load　〔kgf〕
		L： Initial length of material　〔mm〕
		A： Cross-sectional area　〔mm2〕
		λs： Length changed by shear load　〔mm〕
(1-3)Lateral modulus	G=P*180/(A*φ*π)　　　〔kgf/mm2〕 G=	P：Shear load　〔kgf〕
		A：Cross-sectional area　〔mm2〕
		φ： Angle changed by shear load [degree]
(2)Shear strain in the direction of shear stress	γ=λs/L≒φ γ=	λs：Length changed by shear load　〔mm〕
		L： Initial length of material　〔mm〕
L'≒L Consider		material	Lateral modulus
		Mild steel Hard steel Cast steel cast iron Nickel steel Copper casting Copper rod and copper wire Phosphor bronze Gunmetal brass Monetal Aluminum Nickel zinc lead tin gold Silver	8,260〜8,400 8,470 7,030〜8,400 2,800〜4,200 8,400 3,500 3,900〜4,900 3,640〜3,920 2,870 2,700〜3,700 6,600〜7,000 2,300〜2,700 7,800 4,000 550 1,700 2,600〜3,900 2,600〜2,900
Reference: "Machine Official Collection" (co-authored by Masaaki Oishi / Tatsuo Inami) Material Mechanics, page 46, Refer to the transverse elastic modulus. References: "Machine Design Handbook for Engineers" (Revised by Saburo Kano) Mechanical Properties Allowable Stress and Mechanical Properties of Materials Page 129 Quoted from the table of elastic modulus of materials。