17-2. Tension coil spring

17-2. Tension coil spring Symbol description and unit
Initial tension of spring: [kg]
F1=(G*d4)*0.75/(255*D2
F1=

Spring deflection: [mm]
δ=8*n*D3*(F-F1)/(G*d4
δ=

Spring constant: [kgf/mm]
k=G*d4/(8*n*D3)
k=

Spring index:
C=D/d
C=

Whirl stress correction factor:
κ=(4*C-1)/(4*C-4)+0.615/C
κ=

Maximum shear stress: [Kgf/mm2] 
τ=8*κ*D*F/(π*d3)
τ=

Free length: [mm] 
H=n*d+2*D-d
H=

Mounting length : [mm] 
H1=H+δ
H1=
n: Effective number of turns
D: Average coil diameter [mm]
F: Load on the spring [kgf]
G: Lateral modulus [kg/mm2]
d: Material diameter [mm]
Piano wire(SWPA、SWPB) Standard diameter (JIS G 3522)
0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.29 0.32 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.30 2.60 2.90 3.00 3.20 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.0
Lateral modulus G The value of the(Kgf/mm2)

Piano wire(SWPA,SWPB) 8000

Spring steel (SUP)        8000

Oil temper wire(SWO) 8000

Stainless steel wire(SUS-WH)  7000〜7500

Stainless steel wire for springs(SUS-WP)
7000〜7500

1Kg=9.8N